托福听力十三大原则之举例原则

　　托福听力十三大原则中的举例原则可以说是帮助考生过滤信息比较有效的方法。在托福听力中，举例一定是非常常见的，运用举例的方式可以帮助进一步阐释段落或者文章主题，从而能够帮助作者理清思路。一般来说，事例是在观点之后的进一步解释，所以考生在遇到事例的时候，要注意区分事例的重要程度与否，从而学会筛选信息。接下来，北外网课小编和大家分享托福听力十三大原则中的举例原则。
　　**部分：举例原则的具体定义
　　有例子的时候要听懂例子在说什么，并且一定要知道例子支持的观点是什么，所支持的论点一般在例子之前或者是例子说完之后的总结部分。要对表例子的词敏感：for instance, such as, namely, as an example, say, consider, like, take……as an example……。如果文中出现两个及多个例子，一定要注意几个例子的相同之处与不同之处
　　中文示例：“潜意识”这个词，潜意识里人们不能认知或没有认知的部分。是人们已经发生但并未达到意识状态的心理活动过程。这样的解释让我们摸不着头脑。如果说一座冰山，只有一个小角是浮在水面上的，我们称之为意识，那是你可以察觉的心理活动。你意识到的东西，例如你的想法等等，都属于这一部分。冰山下面还有很大的一部分，是你自己察觉不到的心理活动，称之为潜意识。
　　分析：在常见的中文之中，我们能够发现，事例往往是跟在一个结论性的话题之后，上面例子中，在给“潜意识”下定义之后，又详细解释说明了潜意识的具体含义，并且拿一个与之非常匹配的事物进行类比，从而形象、生动地解释给大家。
　　第二部分：托福听力举例原则的事例解析
　　例1：The professor discusses an example of three friends who run out of gas. What point does he use the example to illustrate?
　　A. writers should know their characters as well as they know their friends
　　B. writers should create characters that interact in complex ways
　　C. Friends do not always behave the way we expect them to behave
　　D. Friends' behavior is often more predictable than fictional characters' behavior
　　解析：根据原文中的“You need to define your characters, know their personalities so that you can have them acting in ways that are predictable, consistent with their personalities. Get to know them like a friend, you know your friends well enough to know how they’ll act in certain situations, right? Say you have three friends, their car runs out of gas on the highway. ”听力十三原则的建议原则，教授刚开始就说要了解自己创造角色的性格，接下来举得例子就是为了说明这个观点，因此是 A。
　　例2：The woman asks the man to consider a different job. What kind of work would the man have to do for the new job?
　　A Get ingredients ready for a meal.
　　B Clean kitchen equipment for the cooks.
　　C Prepare the weekly menu for the dining hall.
　　D Coordinate schedules for student workers.
　　解析：
　　Student：What’s prep work? Manager：You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads.
　　Manager：Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice.
　　Student：I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job.
　　Manager：Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop by tomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening.
　　男生在纠结一阵之后终于确定接受这份新工作【food-prep job】，往前定位我们可以找到【prep-work】的解释，然后在解释中出现了工作内容的部分事例““You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads.”由此可以确定答案A。
　　以上就是北外网课小编整理的托福听力举例原则的具体内容和事例解析。犹如我们经常在语文中使用事例是一样的道理，考生要注意的是举例和论点之间的关系，以及事例中出现的内容，如何更好地支持观点，从而帮助考生更好地把握听力内容。