考研英语中与虚拟语气有关的考点一览

许多考生都对考研英语中虚拟语气的相关知识点困惑不已，这类问题往往复杂多变，迷惑性强。今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课程）老师就归纳了考研英语中与虚拟语气有关的各类考点，帮助大家理解记忆。

主从句谓语动词的时态

(1)主从句谓语动词的规范搭配

与现在事实相反：would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did  

与过去事实相反：would/情态动词过去式+have done had done

与将来事实相反：would/情态动词过去式+do  should do  

(2)主从句表示的不同时间概念

主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。

Had it not been for the timely investmentfrom the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.  (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)  

Had Paul received six more votes in thelast election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)  

(3)事实和假设混合句：  

Your math instructor would have been happyto give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parentswere ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)    

I would have gone to visit him in thehospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole oflast week. (前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)    

名词性从句的虚拟形式  

名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。

(1) desire,advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require,insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式

Inthe past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. I move thathe be discharged for his serious mistake.

(2) advisable, desirable, insistent,preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative,important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised,arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended,requested, required, suggested做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：  

The board deem it urgent that these filesshould be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checkedtwice.  

(3) insistence, preference, recommendation,suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, re-quirement, request, order, necessity,importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式。

They keep telling us it is of utmostimportance that our representative be sent to the conference on schedule.    

含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式  

含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。

(1)连词but, butthat, or, or else；副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设。

A safety analysis would have identified thetarget as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。

But for the English examination I wouldhave gone to the concert last Sunday.

(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were +不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished +不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。

I intended to have called on you, but I wasbusy at that time.

(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。

I should have called to make an airlinereservation, but I didn’t.    

常用虚拟形式的句型  

(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：  would rather        would as soon        as though              suppose… hadrather             would sooner         as if               supposing… If only…               It is (high) time that…(从句中动词只用过去式)

I’d rather you went by train, because Ican’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather. If I werein a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for acry.

(2)If it were not for… (与现在事实相反)  

Ifit had not been for… (与过去事实相反) 相当于but for。

If it had not been for his help (= but forhis help), we would not have succeeded.

(3)If only…谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。

f only the committee would approve theregulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. (4)lest/for fearthat/in case 从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。

The mad man was put in the soft-padded celllest he injure himself.  

(5)whether…or…有时谓语用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。

The business of each day, be it sellinggoods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.