英语六级阅读长难句解析

我们知道，在英语六级考试中，阅读历来是划分水平和层次的重要分水岭，然而同时，它的难度之大、考点综合性之高，也让许多考生头痛不已。特别是英语六级阅读中频繁出现的长句难句，常常令人一头雾水。今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课程）老师就列举了几个阅读长难句，和大家一起逐一解析。

1. There were various views about whatconstitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is tosay, that there is something by virtue of which man is man.

关于人性是由什么组成的，人们众说纷纭，但是人们一致同意，人性中存在着某种本质，正是这种本质特性是人之所以为人的原因。

主句由but连接的两个成转折关系的并列句构成。前句是There were various views about+宾语从句，简单句。后句主句therewas agreement, “that such an essence exists”，”that there issomething”同作agreement的同位语从句，两个并列的同位语从句间，that is to say作插入语。by virtue of which man is man在后一同位语从句中作定语从句修饰something.

2. An examination of the history ofhumanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previoustimes that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had incommon something that can be called “human nature.”

一项针对历史上人性的研究显示，现代人与过去的人截然不同，因此，认为不同年代的人们拥有共同之处即所谓的“人性”似乎是不现实的。

这是一个复合句。主句An examination of the history of humanity suggested+宾语从句。宾语从句中，主句是man...is so different from man...that it seemed unrealistic toassume that...，包含短语so...that...,短语中that引导结果状语从句it seemed unrealistic to assume...,而assume后that引导宾语从句men hadsomething in common,因为something后有定语从句that can be called...修饰，所以把something放在了in common之后。

3. The study of primitive peoples hasdiscovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts thatmany anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheetof paper on which each culture writes its text. (2003. 阅读. 12. Text3)

对原始民族的研究已经发现存在着多种多样的习俗、价值观、情感和思想，因此许多人类学家得出这样的观点：人生来是一张白纸，各族文化在上面书写自己的内容。

复合句。主句是The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversityof...that..., 包含短语such...tht...，that这里引导结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中，主句是many anthropologists arrived at the concept, “that man isas a blank sheet of paper”作the concept的同位语从句，而a blank sheet of paper后有定语从句修饰。

4. Another factor contributing to thetendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concepthas so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts arecommitted.

还有一个因素强化了这种否认一成不变的人性存在的趋势，这个因素就是一成不变的人性这种观点经常被滥用，成为为多数残忍行为辩解的挡箭牌。

复合句。主句Another factor was that...。主句主语another factor后contributingto the tendency是现在分词作定语。to deny the assumption...是不定式作定语修饰the tendency。that引导表语从句。而在表语从句中，主句the concept has so often been abused as a shiled，“a shiled”后有which引导的定语从句修饰。

5. During these procedures—operationsthat are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera andsurgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view.

在这些手术过程中——通过患者身体里被操控的微型相机和手术工具进行微创手术——为了更好地观察，外科医生们使用3D眼镜。

复合句。主句During these procedures surgeons are wearing...view, 破折号中间operations是theseprocedures的同位语，“that are done through small cuts in the body”作operations的定语从句，且定语从句中thebody后也有介词+which引导的定语从句修饰即“in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered。”

6. She recalls watching the ship, brightlylit, slipping into its dark grave - and into seeming nothingness, rarelymentioned for more than half a century.

她回忆起看着轮船被火光照亮，慢慢沉入漆黑的墓穴，最后永远消失。这场悲剧半个世纪以来极少被提起。