在英语四六级考试中，翻译题型往往涉及的内容众多，题材广泛。为此，今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课堂）老师特别总结了历次考试翻译题型中常考的各项内容，帮助大家复习。
1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances inChina.The lion is the king of animals.InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring goodluck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength,whichcould drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded historyofmore than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance wasalreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performingthe liondance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a customwherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to theoutside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since China’s reformand opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperatingwith overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scoredgreatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterpriseswiththeir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese governmentwillcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote thefurthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.
3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’sconsumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, thedemands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life toleisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of productsshould be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the otherhand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improvedquality of life.
4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is tocommemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was aloyal and highly esteemedminister, who brought peace and prosperity to thestate but ended up drowninghimself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boatand cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate thedumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. Forthousands of years, the festival hasbeen marked by glutinous dumplings anddragon boat races, especially in thesouthern provinces where there are manyrivers and lakes.
5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and theirteachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earthby astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module withtwo crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physicsdemonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the sameexperiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not onlyoffered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also showsthe advance in communication technology of China.
6 、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the veryepitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in culturalheritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charmof its own. Today's Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metropolis.A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past.Hidden amongst the skyscrapers areremains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai hasbeendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port inthelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
7、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。 Smoking does great harm tohuman and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air,damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse theawareness about theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to preventsmoking-induceddiseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) hasdefined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts saythat smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a daybut would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizesthat smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is acurse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist thetemptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as onepersists,he’ll be rewarded.every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobaccoaddicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do withoutmeals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However,when one realizes that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no wayand that it is a curse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determinedto resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and solong as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.
8、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
An increasing number of English-educatedChinese parents overseashave come to the realization that while Englishlearning is indispensable totheir children, it is essential that their kidshave a good command of Chinese.China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids canbenefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance theircompetitivenessin the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to andfamiliarity withthe two different cultures between the East and the West. Theyhave hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudlydeclared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full supportto their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasionalvisits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and getto know its richcultural heritage.
9、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。
The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the mostauthoritative foreign language publishing anddistribution establishment, itspredecessor being the International PressBureau of the Central People'sGovernment Press and Publication Administration.Adhering to the publishingphilosophy of “assisting China's march to the worldand facilitating world'sunderstanding of China”, the Group commits itselfentirely to promoting foreignlanguage education and research in China and advancingcultural exchanges betweenChina and foreign countries.In order to build upa strong team of publishingstaff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallydemandingbusiness, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent tonoted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,forfurther studies.As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,wewill go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into theworldcirculation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initialeffortshave been very rewarding.
10、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。
As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks toits three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseascountries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConfucius Institute in their owncountries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese culture.Duringthe learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in thisancient land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And thelearners have opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art,architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience first-hand thesplendors of this venerablecivilization.As the second culture, Chinese culturehas enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak,is gathering momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinesecuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning toChinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.They are also interested inkongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum,ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latestChinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient schoolofthought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.
11、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。
Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngestamong themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aromaand taste” as its essential qualityelements.Shanghai cuisine emphasizes inparticular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials withquality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a specialsnack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called“Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small insize, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground pork andrich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored andsquirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweetand sour source.After tasting Squirrel-Shaped MandarinFish, we are always amazedby the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance”as the fourth element.
12、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。
American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originalitywhile Chinese people give priority to carefulplanning and encourage closecooperation and altruistic dedication among teammembers.In American schools,discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lecture inclass,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistentand standardized teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical andstandardized talents.Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thoughtis the concept of individual moralautonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophicalsystems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communalharmony.Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever.Chineselearn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese,exerciseKung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while ThePeony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway.
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