北外网课带你玩转英语六级 详解定语从句

在英语六级考试中，无论哪种题型，定语从句都是一个常常涉及到的考点，在考试中至关重要。今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课堂）老师就整理了英语六级中定语从句的主要知识点，供大家参考。

限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.

The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when itrained.

The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when itrained.

如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:

Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.

Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.

All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, areto be used by the postgraduates.

在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.

All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the littlegirl.

My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.

定语从句的引导词

that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.

Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.

He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.

但在介词后只能用whom:

This is the man to whom I referred.

但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.

Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about

Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which.. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):

All you have to do is to press the button.

Have you everything you need?

(Is there) anything I can do for you?

在介词后只能用which,在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.

The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.

The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.

定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的一部分 b), 引导词用which:

When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forgetall about eating and sleeping.

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldomwas.

The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted

They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind ofthem.

whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是名词词组 + of which:

Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(…whose name I’ve…)

We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purposeof which was…)

of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在 ofwhom之前.

It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by anangry crowd.

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