北外网课过去完成时常用知识点 给你实用英语口语表达技能

我们知道，如果想要掌握驾轻就熟的英语口语表达技能，就必须掌握基本的语法要点。今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课堂）老师就整理了英语中一类常见的语态相关知识——关于过去完成时的常用知识点，带你轻松掌握，给你实用的英语口语表达技能。

what would have happened if she had not been there.

这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，时态属于过去完成时。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的内容并不是事实，而是一种假设或推测，分为现在时虚拟语气和过去时虚拟语气。该句子因为叙述的内容与过去事实相反，符合过去时虚拟语气中非真实条件句结构：(与过去事实相反)—if+过去完成时, would(should, could, might)+ have+过去分词。因此主句if she hadnot been there(如果没有她)，从句what would have happened（会发生什么事情），全句意为：如果她不在这儿，不知道会发生些什么。

The fish would not have been burnt if you had told me. 要是你告诉我，鱼就不会糊了。

Would the little girl have hurt herself if her mother hadn’t left heralone? 要不是她妈妈把她一个人留下了，小女孩会弄伤自己吗？

主句中过去完成时表示到过去某一时刻动作已经完成，或持续到过去某一时刻的动作或状态，其结构是：had+p p (过去分词)。句中常出现：before，after，once，by，until，when，as soon as用来引导时间状语。

He deeply realized the love in his soul only after she had left.只有当她离开以后，他才深深地意识到自己心中的爱。

All of us hadn’t cried for even a drop of tear until the final departure came up.大家都忍着不流一滴眼泪，直到那最终的离别到来。

过去完成时的用法中要注意：

在no sooner…than…和hardly/scarcely…when…结构中，主句的谓语动词多用完成时。

Many graduators had no sooner received new jobs than quit because ofdissatisfaction with the salary.许多毕业生找了新工作不久就会因为不满意薪酬而辞职。

Mum had scarcely rested when she began to cook for us.妈妈还没休息就又开始给我们做饭了。

如果否定词出现在句首，主句的主谓要注意倒装。

Hardly had you celebrated for this success when the next task came. 还没等庆祝成功，新任务就下来了。

No sooner had I bought a new dictionary than it was stolen. 我刚买了本新字典就被偷了。

在主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词用过去时，其后的宾语从句谓语的动作是先发生的，常用过去完成时。

They clearly remembered what crime the guy had committed.他们清晰地记得那家伙犯下的罪。

John was warned that he had made the same mistake for several times.约翰被警告说同样的错误他已经犯过多次了。

在“It was thefirst time that…”结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

It was the second time that I had been in such a dilemma in my life.这是我人生中第二次陷入这样的两难之境。

It was the first time that we tried French food.那是我们第一次吃法国菜。

过去完成时和before连用，表示“还没……就……”。

Girls put on colorful summer dresses before the spring hadcompletely gone.春天还完全没有离去，女孩子们就都换上了五彩缤纷的夏装。

He rushed out before I had finished all my words.我话还没有说完，他就冲出去了。

wish，expect，hope，mean，intend，suppose，plan，think，want等词在过去完成时里表示过去没有实现的愿望、打算、计划，也表示失望和惋惜等情绪。

The thief had intended to break into the house, but he was unluckilycaught by the police.小偷试图破门而入，不幸反被警方逮住了。

The rain stopped me, or I had really wanted to come over to your party.要不是雨，我是真的很想来参加你的聚会的。

The father had wished his son to find an ideal job, but disappointedat last.那位父亲希望儿子能找到理想的工作，最后却失望了。

在叙述历史事实时，可以不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时。

The guides told visitors that the monument was there since World WarⅡ.导游告诉游客这个纪念碑二战起就在这儿了。

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