在基数词篇,我们了解了基数词及其用法,那么,今天我们就来看一下数词的另一种形式:序数词。表示顺序的数词叫序数词。序数词的变化源于基数词,所以一定要牢记基数词的构成。如果想要灵活地运用序数词,都需要掌握些什么呢?赶紧跟着小编看一看吧。
问题一:英语的序数词是怎么由基数词变化而来的呢?
口诀:
基变序,有规律, 词尾要加th;
一二三, 特殊记, 词尾分别t d d(first second third );
八去t , 九去e, ve要用f替;
ty变作tie, 再加th莫忘记。
若遇几十几,只变个位就可以。
最基本的序数词如下表所示:
100以下的基本序数词 | 100以上的基本序数词 | |||
1~10 | 11~19 | 20~29 | 30~90 | 100th one hundredth |
1st first | 11th eleventh | 20th twentieth | 30th thirtieth | 1000th one thousandth |
2nd second | 12th twelfth | 21st twenty-first | 40th fortieth | 1,000,000th one millionth |
3rd third | 13th thirteenth | 22nd twenty-second | 50th fiftieth | 1,000,000,000th one billionth |
4th fourth | 14th fourteenth | 23rd twenty-third | 60th sixtieth |
|
5th fifth | 15th fifteenth | 24th twenty-forth | 70th seventieth |
|
6th sixth | 16th sixteenth | 25th twenty-fifth | 80th eightieth |
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7th seventh | 17th seventeenth | 26th twenty-sixth | 90th ninetieth |
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8th eighth | 18th eighteenth | 27th twenty-seventh |
|
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9th ninth | 19th nineteenth | 28th twenty-eighth |
|
|
10th tenth |
| 29th twenty-ninth |
|
|
温馨提示:
1. 序数词的缩写就是在数字后直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成,凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”。
2. 整十位序数词的表示法:将基数词-y改为-i加-eth构成。
3. 非整十的多位数的序数词的构成,仅把个位数部分变成序数词,其余仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth。
4. 100以上序数词的表示法
第100为100th, (读作: one hundredth), 第101为101st (读作one hundred and first), 其他的以此类推。
问题二:序数词有哪些实际的用法呢?
1. 用来表示顺序,如:I am always the first to come to school.
2. 用来表示楼层, 如:My aunt lives on the fourth floor.
3. 用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词 +名词 =名词(首字母要大写) + 基数词。如:
第九部分 the ninth part=Part nine ,第四课 the fourth lesson=Lesson Four
第六段 the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six
温馨提示:编号较大时,一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101 101号房间
4. 表示年、月、日: "年”用基数词,“日用序数词”,如:
1949 年10 月1 日——写法: Oct. 1st, 1949. 读作:Oct. (the)first,nineteen forty-nine.
2017 年2 月28 日——写法:February 28th,2017读作: February,(the)twenty-eighth,two thousand and seventeen.
5. 序数词作“几分之几”时,有复数形式。 如:
1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→one fourth =a quarter ; 3/4→three fourths =three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty percent).
6. 有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语, 如:
on second thoughts 再三考虑 first of all 首先
at first 当初 from first to last 从头到尾
on second thoughts 再三思考 second to none 名列前茅
a second Lei Feng 雷锋式的人物 sixth sense 直觉
in seventeenth heaven 快活似神仙
at the eleventh hour 在最后时刻,在最后关头
of the first water 最好的 first-star一流的,五星的
at first sight 乍看起来
7. 序数词前冠词的使用
① 一般要用the, 但表示“又一,再一”的概念时, 序数词前也可以用a / an
I'm in the third grade.
The girl plans to buy a second piano.
You’ve done it three times .why not try a fourth time ?
② 序数词前可用物主代词,表示“······的第几个······”
This is her twenty-third birthday. 这是她的第二十三个生日。
③ 序数词与名词构成符合名词时,冠词的选用一名词而定。
There is a second-hand bookstore.
④ 其他情况
a. 月、日表达中序数词前可省略the. 如:Oct. (the)first。
b. 并列使用两个序数词的,后面的序数词可省略the。
c. 某些动词短语中序数词前可不用the。 如:win first place 获得冠军, come out first 获得第一名
序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于:定冠词表特指,不定冠词表泛指,有类似another的意思,但比another 的意思更明确。
8. 数词前加every ,表示每······/每隔······
every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天)
注:every +基数词 +复数名词 = every + (序数词-1) +单数名词
问题三:序数词有哪些句法功能?
1. 主语: The second is a beautiful girl.
2. 宾语: Give him the third.
3. 表语: She’s often the first to go out of the office.
4. 定语: We’re going to learn the eighth lesson.
注意:
分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.
two fifths of the milk is drunk by Tom.
One third of the students are girls.
试比较: 基数词的句法功能
1. 主语: Nine is my lucky number.
2. 宾语: You can borrow as many books as you want, but leave me three.
3. 表语: My telephone number is 6254782.
4. 定语: There are eight students in the classroom.
序数词和基数词一样,起名词或形容词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
到这里,小编对数词的归纳和整理也告一段落了。然而,我们对数词相关知识的积累和运用依然在继续,希望大家无论在生活、工作或者各类的考试中,处理数词相关的问题更加得心应手。